# Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and Geographers > Study the composition, structure, and other physical aspects of the Earth. May use geological, physics, and mathematics knowledge in exploration for oil, gas, minerals, or underground water; or in waste disposal, land reclamation, or other environmental problems. May study the Earth's internal composition, atmospheres, and oceans, and its magnetic, electrical, and gravitational forces. Includes mineralogists, paleontologists, stratigraphers, geodesists, and seismologists. - Code: 19-2042.00 (O*NET-SOC; SOC 2018 19-2042) - Family: [Life, Physical & Social Science](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations#family-19), one of its 66 occupations - Tasks: 32 tasks (13 core and 19 supplemental) - Page: https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-2042.00 - JSON: https://foundation.org.ai/data/tasks/19-2042.00.json ## What the work is made of 1. Plan or conduct geological, geochemical, or geophysical field studies or surveys, sample collection, or drilling and testing programs used to collect data for research or application. Core task · Task 3703 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 2. Analyze and interpret geological data, using computer software. Core task · Task 15224 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 3. Investigate the composition, structure, or history of the Earth's crust through the collection, examination, measurement, or classification of soils, minerals, rocks, or fossil remains. Core task · Task 3704 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 4. Analyze and interpret geological, geochemical, or geophysical information from sources, such as survey data, well logs, bore holes, or aerial photos. Core task · Task 3702 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 5. Identify risks for natural disasters, such as mudslides, earthquakes, or volcanic eruptions. Core task · Task 20391 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 6. Prepare geological maps, cross-sectional diagrams, charts, or reports concerning mineral extraction, land use, or resource management, using results of fieldwork or laboratory research. Core task · Task 3705 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 7. Communicate geological findings by writing research papers, participating in conferences, or teaching geological science at universities. Core task · Task 3712 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 8. Locate and estimate probable natural gas, oil, or mineral ore deposits or underground water resources, using aerial photographs, charts, or research or survey results. Core task · Task 3706 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 9. Advise construction firms or government agencies on dam or road construction, foundation design, land use, or resource management. Core task · Task 3711 · Rated by 31 occupational experts, August 2020 10. Measure characteristics of the Earth, such as gravity or magnetic fields, using equipment such as seismographs, gravimeters, torsion balances, or magnetometers. Core task · Task 3713 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 11. Locate and review research articles or environmental, historical, or technical reports. Core task · Task 20390 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 12. Conduct geological or geophysical studies to provide information for use in regional development, site selection, or development of public works projects. Core task · Task 3709 · Rated by 31 occupational experts, August 2020 13. Review environmental, historical, or technical reports and publications for accuracy. Core task · Task 21176 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 14. Assess ground or surface water movement to provide advice on issues, such as waste management, route and site selection, or the restoration of contaminated sites. Supplemental task · Task 3707 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 15. Inspect construction projects to analyze engineering problems, using test equipment or drilling machinery. Supplemental task · Task 20392 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 16. Provide advice on the safe siting of new nuclear reactor projects or methods of nuclear waste management. Supplemental task · Task 19768 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 17. Design geological mine maps, monitor mine structural integrity, or advise and monitor mining crews. Supplemental task · Task 15226 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 18. Review work plans to determine the effectiveness of activities for mitigating soil or groundwater contamination. Supplemental task · Task 19771 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 19. Test industrial diamonds or abrasives, soil, or rocks to determine their geological characteristics, using optical, x-ray, heat, acid, or precision instruments. Supplemental task · Task 3714 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 20. Study historical climate change indicators found in locations, such as ice sheets or rock formations to develop climate change models. Supplemental task · Task 19772 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 21. Develop strategies for more environmentally friendly resource extraction and reclamation. Supplemental task · Task 19763 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 22. Identify deposits of construction materials suitable for use as concrete aggregates, road fill, or other applications. Supplemental task · Task 20393 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 23. Identify new sources of platinum group elements for industrial applications, such as automotive fuel cells or pollution abatement systems. Supplemental task · Task 19765 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 24. Locate potential sources of geothermal energy. Supplemental task · Task 19767 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 25. Research ways to reduce the ecological footprint of increasingly prevalent megacities. Supplemental task · Task 19770 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 26. Collaborate with medical or health researchers to address health problems related to geological materials or processes. Supplemental task · Task 19760 · Rated by 31 occupational experts, August 2020 27. Determine ways to mitigate the negative consequences of mineral dust dispersion. Supplemental task · Task 19762 · Rated by 31 occupational experts, August 2020 28. Identify possible sites for carbon sequestration projects. Supplemental task · Task 19766 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 29. Develop ways to capture or use gases burned off as waste during oil production processes. Supplemental task · Task 19764 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 30. Research geomechanical or geochemical processes to be used in carbon sequestration projects. Supplemental task · Task 19769 · Rated by 31 occupational experts, August 2020 31. Develop applied software for the analysis and interpretation of geological data. Supplemental task · Task 3716 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 32. Determine methods to incorporate geomethane or methane hydrates into global energy production or evaluate the potential environmental impacts of such incorporation. Supplemental task · Task 19761 · Rated by 32 occupational experts, August 2020 ## More in Life, Physical & Social Science - [Agricultural Technicians](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-4012.00): 26 tasks - [Animal Scientists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-1011.00): 9 tasks - [Anthropologists and Archeologists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-3091.00): 30 tasks - [Astronomers](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-2011.00): 17 tasks - [Atmospheric and Space Scientists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-2021.00): 27 tasks - [Biochemists and Biophysicists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-1021.00): 24 tasks - [Bioinformatics Scientists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-1029.01): 20 tasks - [Biological Scientists, All Other](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-1029.00): no tasks listed - [Biological Technicians](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-4021.00): 17 tasks - [Biologists](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/19-1029.04): 21 tasks - 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