# Geographic Information Systems Technologists and Technicians > Assist scientists or related professionals in building, maintaining, modifying, or using geographic information systems (GIS) databases. May also perform some custom application development or provide user support. - Code: 15-1299.02 (O*NET-SOC; SOC 2018 15-1299) - Family: [Computer & Mathematical](https://foundation.org.ai/occupations#family-15), one of its 38 occupations - Tasks: 29 tasks (25 core, 1 supplemental and 3 not rated) - Page: https://foundation.org.ai/occupations/15-1299.02 - JSON: https://foundation.org.ai/data/tasks/15-1299.02.json ## What the work is made of 1. Produce data layers, maps, tables, or reports, using spatial analysis procedures or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. Core task · Task 21715 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 2. Design or prepare graphic representations of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, using GIS hardware or software applications. Core task · Task 21716 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 3. Maintain or modify existing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases. Core task · Task 21717 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 4. Provide technical expertise in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to clients or users. Core task · Task 21718 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 5. Perform computer programming, data analysis, or software development for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications, including the maintenance of existing systems or research and development for future enhancements. Core task · Task 21719 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 6. Enter data into Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, using techniques such as coordinate geometry, keyboard entry of tabular data, manual digitizing of maps, scanning or automatic conversion to vectors, or conversion of other sources of digital data. Core task · Task 21720 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 7. Review existing or incoming data for currency, accuracy, usefulness, quality, or completeness of documentation. Core task · Task 21721 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 8. Perform geospatial data building, modeling, or analysis, using advanced spatial analysis, data manipulation, or cartography software. Core task · Task 21722 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 9. Design or coordinate the development of integrated Geographic Information Systems (GIS) spatial or non-spatial databases. Core task · Task 21723 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 10. Perform integrated or computerized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analyses to address scientific problems. Core task · Task 21724 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 11. Select cartographic elements needed for effective presentation of information. Core task · Task 21725 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 12. Provide technical support to users or clients regarding the maintenance, development, or operation of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, equipment, or applications. Core task · Task 21726 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 13. Collect, compile, or integrate Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, such as remote sensing or cartographic data for inclusion in map manuscripts. Core task · Task 21727 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 14. Interpret aerial or ortho photographs. Core task · Task 21728 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 15. Meet with clients to discuss topics such as technical specifications, customized solutions, or operational problems. Core task · Task 21729 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 16. Document, design, code, or test Geographic Information Systems (GIS) models, internet mapping solutions, or other applications. Core task · Task 21730 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 17. Create, analyze, report, convert, or transfer data, using specialized applications program software. Core task · Task 21731 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 18. Confer with users to analyze, configure, or troubleshoot applications. Core task · Task 21732 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 19. Design, program, or model Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications or procedures. Core task · Task 21733 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 20. Develop specialized computer software routines, internet-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) databases, or business applications to customize geographic information. Core task · Task 21734 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 21. Make recommendations regarding upgrades, considering implications of new or revised Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, equipment, or applications. Core task · Task 21735 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 22. Assist users in formulating Geographic Information Systems (GIS) requirements or understanding the implications of alternatives. Core task · Task 21736 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 23. Create visual representations of geospatial data, using complex procedures such as analytical modeling, three-dimensional renderings, or plot creation. Core task · Task 21737 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 24. Transfer or rescale information from original photographs onto maps or other photographs. Core task · Task 21738 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 25. Prepare training materials for, or make presentations to, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) users. Core task · Task 21739 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 26. Apply three-dimensional (3D) or four-dimensional (4D) technologies to geospatial data to allow for new or different analyses or applications. Supplemental task · Task 21740 · Rated by O*NET analysts, November 2020 27. Conduct research, data analysis, systems design, or support for software such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) or Global Positioning Systems (GPS) mapping software. Not rated · Task 21741 · Listed by O*NET analysts, November 2020 28. Read current literature, talk with colleagues, continue education, or participate in professional organizations or conferences to keep abreast of developments in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology, equipment, or systems. Not rated · Task 21742 · Listed by O*NET analysts, November 2020 29. Recommend procedures, equipment, or software upgrades to increase data accessibility or ease of use. 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